Do you believe governments should be allowed to execute people who have been convicted of crimes? The data in the most recent survey, collected from Pew Research Centers online American Trends Panel (ATP), finds that 60% of Americans favor the death penalty for persons convicted of murder. The article lists his responses to common arguments from those opposed to the death penalty, such as the racial biases and whether the death penalty actually deters criminals. John Duncan the father of the victim Lori Duncan and grandfather of her slain daughters, Kandace (age 10) and Amber (age 6) had urged Mr. Honkens execution for years. Through the Crimes Act of 1790, also referred to as the Federal Criminal Code of 1790, lawmakers of the newly independent United States granted federal judges the authority to impose the death sentence. The court ruled that mandatory capital punishment laws were too rigid. Only 30% of death penalty supporters and just 6% of opponents say adequate safeguards exist to prevent innocent people from being executed. Due in part to rising jury nullifications, which effectively allowed guilty criminals to be set free, state legislatures began to pass laws in 1838 that rejected mandatory application of the death penalty in favor of jury discretion in sentencing. A. Alabama 443. By the early 1900s, most states had adopted laws that allowed juries to apply either the death penalty or a sentence of life in prison. However, death penalty supporters decried the ban, arguing that judges should be able to decide if the death penalty is warranted based on the circumstances of each case. The Times is committed to publishing a diversity of letters to the editor. 1615 L St. NW, Suite 800Washington, DC 20036USA That process creates peace for the victims, their families, and society in general. The Federal Death Penalty Act prohibits the government from executing an inmate who is mentally disabled; however, in the recent executions of Corey Johnson, Alfred Bourgeois and Lisa Montgomery, their defense teams, families and others argued that they had intellectual disabilities. In 2020 the rulings of the Florida Supreme Court in several cases reversed existing protections afforded to inmates sentenced to death. The United States Constitution expressly contemplates capital crimes, and Congress has authorized the death penalty for serious federal offenses since President George Washington signed the Crimes Act of 1790. Is it morally wrong? In the July Opinion essay The Death Penalty Can Ensure Justice Is Being Done, Jeffrey A. Rosen, then acting deputy attorney general, makes a legal case for capital punishment: The death penalty is a difficult issue for many Americans on moral, religious and policy grounds. As John Duncan was dying of cancer in 2018, he asked family members to promise they would witness the execution on his behalf. All comments are moderated by the Learning Network staff, but please keep in mind that once your comment is accepted, it will be made public. Mercy and pardon are proper to God . In Support of the Death Penalty An article detailing the argument for the death penalty. While conservative Republicans are more likely to express support for the death penalty than moderate and liberal Republicans, clear majorities of both groups favor the death penalty (82% of conservative Republicans and 68% of moderate and liberal Republicans). News & Cases See more. This in-depth article examines US state legislation that has impacted death sentencing in capital crimes. Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World, Most Americans Favor the Death Penalty Despite Concerns About Its Administration, Death penalty draws more Americans support online than in telephone surveys, What our transition to online polling means for decades of phone survey trends, Trends are a cornerstone of public opinion research. Mr. Lees final hours awaiting his fate were a result of his own lawyers choice to assert a non-meritorious objection at the last moment. There, as elsewhere, prosecutors, judges and jurors are concluding that the modern death penalty is a failed experiment. A top Justice Department official says for many Americans the death penalty is a difficult issue on moral, religious and policy grounds. All cases were related to ongoing state-level efforts to reform capital punishment laws. The 54 ruling held that challenges to a state's method of execution due to claims of excessive pain must demonstrate that alternative methods exist that would cause less pain than the state-determined one. Top 9 Pro Death Penalty Arguments. While 85% of Black adults say Black people are more likely than White people to be sentenced to death for committing similar crimes, a narrower majority of Hispanic adults (61%) and about half of White adults (49%) say the same. By comparison, just 35% of Republicans and 21% of Democrats who oppose the death penalty say it is morally justified. It also provides links to a study from the University of Colorado and a paper from Emory University to help back up these claims as well. Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. And heres our email: letters@nytimes.com. A similar ruling was handed down by the court in Moore v. Texas (2017), which stated that the standards used to determine intellectual disability in Texas created an "unacceptable risk that persons with intellectual disabilities will be executed.". Web. Or is that still too harsh? The death penalty goes against our most basic human right - the right to life. On July 2, 1976, the Supreme Court handed down five decisions in cases that originated in Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, and Texas, collectively referred to as the July 2 cases, or by the name of the lead case, Gregg v. Georgia. He had set out his arguments in a major dissent in 2015, one that must have been on Justice Scalias mind when he made his comments a few months later. Arizona 209 . How so? Furthermore, a 2009 survey of criminologists revealed that "over 88% believed the death penalty was not a deterrent to murder.". According to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), incarceration rates of racial minorities skyrocketed in the decade following the McCleskey decision. The death penalty, known as capital punishment, is the government-sanctioned taking of a life as punishment for a crime. States and Death Row. 14 Jan. 2015. Well, dont worry. In 2006, Dr. Paul Rubin professor of economics at Emory University testified in front of the Senate Judiciary Committee on the death penalty's "strong deterrent effect." Although the death penalty is already effective at deterring possible criminals, it would be even more effective if the legal process were carried out more quickly instead of having inmates on death row for years.The death penalty also carries out retribution justly. 14 Jan. 2015. After America's Most Wanted aired a pro-gram about him, McDuff was arrested in 1992, convicted, and given two death sentences. Under US constitutional law, states have the right to apply their own criminal statutes including capital punishment. If you've looked for capital punishment essay topics, you're in luck! (February 8, 2001) Pro-Death Penalty article by UCLA Political Science student, Aanand N. Patel for student newspapaer. WASHINGTON (AP) Conservative justices holding the Supreme Court's majority seem likely to sink President Joe Biden's plan to wipe away or reduce student loans held by millions of Americans . Warren McCleskey, a Black resident of Georgia, had been convicted of killing a white police officer during an armed robbery in 1978 and sentenced to death. It also gives statistics on the racial disparity of capital punishment. These decisions allowed the reinstatement of state death penalty laws. "The Death Penalty is Cheaper Than Feeding a Murderer for Life" According to the Death Penalty Information Center, independent studies in several states, including Oklahoma, reveal that capital punishment is actually far more expensive to administer than life imprisonment. 14 Jan. 2015. (2001) "Capital Punishment," by Ryan Koder. For federal offenses, the government uses the methods of execution authorized by the state in which the court imposes the punishment. Oklahoma attorney general Mike Hunter announced that the state would adopt nitrogen gas inhalation as its primary method of execution in March 2018, citing the difficulty in procuring the mandated drugs for lethal injection. Pew Research Center conducted this study to better understand Americans views about the death penalty. Read more about the ATPs methodology. Eckholm, Erik. About eight-in-ten White Republicans favor the death penalty, as do about seven-in-ten Hispanic Republicans (69%). The attorneys suggested that the combination of COVID-19 infection with the flooding of the lungs caused by pentobarbital, the drug used in their executions, would cause suffering that amounted to "cruel and unusual punishment." Just over six-in-ten Republicans in this age group (64%) say this, compared with about eight-in-ten Republicans ages 35 and older. As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. Check Out These Example Death Penalty Essays. This conclusion comes from careful state-by-state monitoring of maternal mortality, including deaths occurring at birth and around the time of birth. Justice Ginsburg, who died in September, had joined the dissent. I have ten death penalty articles that will help you turn a stale topic into a well-written and interesting essay. Why its a good source: It is an interviewbut not a direct transcriptinvolving one of the most active members of the pro-capital punishment community. Theyll look over it and give you suggestions to make it the best it can be. Now that youve seen arguments in favor, lets take a close look at four anti- death penalty articles. Michael Smith. Look at the information thats presented and think about what information may be missing that would make it more balanced. Opponents of the death penalty have also focused their arguments on the mental capacity of those found guilty of capital offenses. Sentencing a person to death for the rape or murder of an innocent person affirms the value of the life of the victim, and should bring more comfort to the victim's family. Republicans are consistently more likely than Democrats to favor the death penalty, though there are divisions within each party by age as well as by race and ethnicity. He said that death row exonerations were frequent, that death sentences were imposed arbitrarily and that the capital justice system was marred by racial discrimination. Because of the requirements of some publications, they may not be able to vehemently express these opinions, but you should still be able to at least tell if its an article that is for or against the death penalty. Why its a good source: Though the article does not include links to the studies and polls it references, it gives substantial statistics and cites where they came fromDuke University study and a Gallup poll. The 2001 execution of Timothy McVeigh, convicted for his role in the 1995 bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, marked the first federal execution carried out since 1963, with Juan Raul Garza executed eight days later. The Death Penalty Can Ensure Justice Is Being Done, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/27/opinion/federal-death-penalty.html. 83 Capital Punishment Essay Topics & Examples. About half of those with four-year undergraduate degrees but no postgraduate experience (49%) support the death penalty. The number of executions performed annually began a steady rise during this decade. Arguments against the death penalty. Jacoby, Jeff. It can also be used as an important negotiating tool for the police and the justice system, as where the possible sentence is death, the prisoner . The article goes on to explain that Justice Stephen G. Breyer issued a dissent on Friday as the Supreme Court cleared the way for the last execution of the Trump era, complaining that it had not sufficiently resolved legal questions that inmates had asked. Choose your death penalty articles from a variety of sources. The Supreme Court has held the death penalty to be constitutional. The decision required states to develop consistent legal standards for capital punishment to ensure that sentences matched the severity of offenses and did not cause undue pain and suffering. How the Death Penalty Saves Lives. U.S. News and World Report. Bryan Stevenson. What other ideas do you have? About half of those ages 18 to 29 (51%) favor the death penalty, compared with about six-in-ten adults ages 30 to 49 (58%) and those 65 and older (60%). While public support for the death penalty has changed only modestly in recent years, support for the death penalty declined substantially between the late 1990s and the 2010s. Since then, the Trump administration has executed 13 inmates, more than three times as many as the federal government had in the previous six decades. From 2000 to the most recent poll in . New Yorker, 23 Dec. 2013. Death penalty pros and cons have always been a matter of debate. It can be used in both pro- and anti-death penalty essays. Or are you universally opposed to capital punishment? This created a problem for juries that found a defendant guilty but did not believe the offense warranted a sentence of death. It concludes by stating that the execution of criminals is a deterrent for murderers and ultimately saves innocent lives. Correctional Facilities Directory By State. Are there alternatives to the death penalty that you think would be more appropriate? Covering more than 160 subjects areas, ProQuest Central is the largest aggregated database of periodical content. Web. Is it ever justified, such as for the most heinous crimes? He responds by saying that capital punishment is not inherently racist and that the people studying deterrence are discouraged and, thus, quiet about their research. Justice Breyer added that there was little reason to think that the death penalty deterred crime and that long delays between sentences and executions might themselves violate the Eighth Amendment. If you use the citation in your paper, dont forget to update the access date (in this case 14 Jan. 2015) to the date you accessed the site. For example, Black people are overrepresented on death row, and a recent study found that defendants convicted of killing white victims were executed at a rate 17 times greater than those convicted of killing Black victims. Does this information change or reinforce your opinion of capital punishment? The term death penalty is sometimes used interchangeably with capital . The best way to explore the pros and cons of death penalty laws is to read an argumentative essay on this issue. Why its a good source: This source gives a lot of specific information about what one state is doing wrong, complete with anecdotes and numbers. 10-Year Unsolved Crime Leads to Death: Frank Welch Story. Capital punishment enables the state to assert its authority over the people and serve in its role as the administrator of justice. According to data from Amnesty International, there were 579 executions in 2021, which represents a 20% increase from 2020. 2014. "Save taxpayers money" and "they deserve it" tie as the second-most-popular reasons Americans volunteer in this open-ended measure, at 14% each. The DPIC Death Penalty Census Published: Jul 20, 2022 In the July 2022 episode of Discussions with DPIC, Death Penalty Information Center Executive Director Robert Dunham and 2021 - 2022 DPIC Data Fellow Aimee Breaux discuss the making of DPIC 's groundbreaking Death Penalty Census database and Discussions With DPIC Over the past two years, the share of Republicans who say they favor the death penalty for persons convicted of murder has decreased slightly by 7 percentage points while the share of Democrats who say this is essentially unchanged (46% today vs. 49% in 2019). McCleskey's attorneys argued that his Eighth and Fourteenth Amendment rights were violated because his race made it statistically more likely that he would receive the death penalty. During the 1990s, the Supreme Court issued several decisions that upheld the constitutionality of capital punishment and limited defendants' opportunities to have their cases reviewed. In a New York Times Op-Ed essay published on July 17, two of Mr. Lees lawyers criticized the execution of their client, which they contend was carried out in a shameful rush. That objection overlooks that Mr. Lee was sentenced more than 20 years ago, and his appeals and other permissible challenges failed, up to and including the day of his execution. Exoneration occurs when a person's conviction is overturned. However, the court also determined that the death penalty does not violate the Constitution, capital punishment serves as a practical deterrent, and retribution provides a justifiable basis for execution. The shift is more pragmatic than moral, as Americans realize that our. What its about: This article does not state the authors opinion, but concentrates on an avid death penalty advocate, Kent Scheidegger. The cost of capital punishment is extraordinary. About seven-in-ten Republicans (72%) say that White people and Black people are equally likely to be sentenced to death for the same types of crimes. Abolishing the death penalty is the only way to prevent bias in its application and ensure that no person is executed by the government erroneously or unconstitutionally. Although they note that some members of Mr. Lees victims families opposed his execution, others did not. It ignores the fundamental truth of biblical anthropology: the soul that sins must die; sin incurs a debt that must be paid. DPIC is a non-profit organization serving the media and the public with analysis and information on issues concerning capital punishment. Majorities of White (63%), Asian (63%) and Hispanic adults (56%) favor the death penalty for persons convicted of murder. With no legal ability to impose a punishment other than execution, some juries chose to hand down verdicts of not guilty, a trial outcome known as jury nullification. There are substantial demographic differences in views of whether death sentencing is applied fairly across racial groups. Between 2000 and 2020, with few exceptions, the number of state executions performed annually dropped each year, with the exceptions of 2017 and 2018. It is a very complex issue, and context on the crime is essential. Executions in the United States peaked during the 1930s at an average rate of 167 per year. Find all of our Student Opinion questions in this column. Have an idea for a Student Opinion question? Courts handed down death sentences fairly frequently until the 1960s when the practice began to face growing moral, legal, and political opposition. Why its a good source: Again, this article could be used for either side of the argument. The next day, Dustin Honken was executed for five murders committed in 1993, including the execution-style shooting of two young girls, their mother, and two prospective witnesses against him in a federal prosecution for methamphetamine trafficking. Opposing Viewpoints Online Collection, Gale, 2021. Among those with postgraduate degrees, a larger share say they oppose (55%) than favor (44%) the death penalty. Addressing the Counterarguments. After an appellate court rejected their claim as without merit, the Justice Department rescheduled Mr. Lees execution, providing an additional four weeks of notice. This doesnt always mean that you have to get an article from a well-known news website or national newspaper, but that the article should be backed up with cited facts. In states that still enforce capital punishment, lethal injection is the primary method of carrying out executions. Both rights are protected under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the UN in 1948. More Americans favor than oppose the death penalty: 60% of U.S. adults favor the death penalty for people convicted of murder, including 27% who strongly favor it. An overwhelming share of death penalty supporters (90%) say it is morally justified under such circumstances, compared with 25% of death penalty opponents. Justice Breyer wrote in that 46-page dissent that he considered it highly likely that the death penalty violates the Eighth Amendment, which bars cruel and unusual punishments. Why or why not. Crimes punishable by death are called capital offenses. Why its a good source: This article gives a lot of good statistics and links about public perception of the death sentence and how it has changed over time. Jacoby then goes on to give evidence of studies correlating lower homicide rates in states with the death penalty. Capital punishment is the execution of an offender who has been sentenced to death after conviction of a criminal offense by a court of law. Among Republicans who oppose the death penalty, about half (53%) say this. the death penalty given an alternative of life without parole, support decreases significantly.7 In 1991, Gallup found that 76% of Americans supported the death penalty, but that support would drop to 53% if life imprisonment without parole were available as an alternative.8 While most deterrence research has found that the death penalty Why its a good source: This article takes a different approach than most other pro-death sentence articles. A nationwide shortage of sodium thiopental, the barbiturate anesthetic used in lethal injections, emerged in 2009 after the only pharmaceutical plant in the United States approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to manufacture the drug announced it was stopping production. In addition to state laws, the federal government identifies over forty crimes to which the death penalty could be applied. The death penalty is permanent, meaning if someone is wrongfully convicted, the effects are irreversible. The Atlantic Monthly Group, 30 Oct. 2013. Opponents counter that it is an immoral and costly practice that is particularly vulnerable to racial bias. Levi Pulkkinen Sept. 30, 2020. If you use statistics, make sure you know where the numbers are coming from. Gun Control. Robbery Turned Murder: Robert Trease Case . In Expedited Spree of Executions Faced Little Supreme Court Scrutiny, Adam Liptak writes about the recent federal executions: In 2015, a few months before he died, Justice Antonin Scalia said he would not be surprised if the Supreme Court did away with the death penalty. Other states sought to carry out their scheduled executions using experimental combinations of drugs. Only three people in the United States have been executed by hanging since 1965, and only four people have faced a firing squad since 1960. When the District Court again imposed another last-minute stoppage, granting more time for Mr. Purkeys lawyers to argue (among other things) that he did not understand the reason for his execution, the Justice Department again sought Supreme Court review. Asian American adults are more divided, with half saying the death penalty deters serious crimes and a similar share (49%) saying it does not. About four-in-ten (39%) oppose the death penalty, with 15% strongly opposed, according to a new Pew Research Center survey. The National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty, the nation's oldest antideath penalty nonprofit organization, was founded in 1976 and focuses on ending the practice through mass organization, providing legal assistance, and educating people about the death penalty. Opponents counter that it is an immoral and costly practice that is particularly vulnerable to racial bias. Use ProCon.org to help students strengthen their persuasive writing by identifying and responding to counterarguments. Concerns over botched executions using untested lethal injection methods reached the US Supreme Court, which handed down its decision in Bucklew v. Precythe in April 2019. 10 facts about the death penalty in the U.S. Death penalty draws more Americans support online than in telephone surveys, California is one of 11 states that have the death penalty but havent used it in more than a decade, Public support for the death penalty ticks up, 60% of Americans Would Be Uncomfortable With Provider Relying on AI in Their Own Health Care, The changing face of Congress in 8 charts. Proponents of the death penalty say it is an important tool for preserving law and order, deters crime, and costs less than life imprisonment. States could only acquire the drug by importing it from abroad, sometimes improperly. Mr. Purkey was prosecuted during the George W. Bush administration, and his conviction and sentence were vigorously defended throughout the Obama administration. How concerned should we be about wrongfully convicted people being executed? Large shares of Americans express concerns over how the death penalty is administered and are skeptical about whether it deters people from committing serious crimes. The death penalty remains popular, broadly speaking: In 2020, Gallup reported that Americans favored maintaining the death penalty for convicted murderers by a 55 percent to 43 percent. Capital Punishment in America: Race and the Death Penalty over Time by Martin G. Urbina. Emotional outburst disrupts death penalty trial in NY attack The sobbing father of a man convicted of killing eight people on a New York City bike path has apologized to victims and professed love for his son in the death penalty phase of the defendant's trial Feb. 22, 2023, 6:08 PM ET (AP) GOP Oklahoma lawmakers join call for death penalty pause The decision to seek the death penalty against Mr. Lee was made by Attorney General Janet Reno (who said she personally opposed the death penalty but was bound by the law) and reaffirmed by Deputy Attorney General Eric Holder. Do you have worries about the fair application of the death penalty, or about the possibility of the criminal justice system executing an innocent person? A large majority of White adults without college degrees (72%) favor the death penalty, compared with about half (47%) of White adults who have degrees. Muhlhausen, David B. White: 48.6%. 18 Sep, 2015. Finally, they said in a statement, justice is being done.. What its about: Although this article does not explicitly state an anti-death penalty point of view, it does have those undertones. In your opinion, should pharmaceutical companies have the right to refuse to sell drugs for executions? What historical factors have spurred capital punishment reform in the United States? Most people who write about the death penalty have an opinion one way or the other about it. This means checking out sources from different states and different sides of the political spectrum. Among Republicans who favor the death penalty, 78% say that Black and White people are equally likely to receive this sentence. Steiker, Jordan. In July, the United States carried out its first federal execution in 17 years. A total of sixteen executions were carried out in the United States in 1989. But as a legal issue, it is straightforward. In times of uncertainty, good decisions demand good data. The death penalty is far more expensive than a system in which life imprisonment without parole is the maximum sentence. Or is capital punishment cruel and unusual and therefore prohibited by the Constitution? Most states authorized a system of allowing the jury to decide the guilty party's punishment, though some allowed judges to make the decision or retain the right to overrule the jury. The Fifth Amendment outlines conditions for trying individuals accused of capital crimes and states that no person "shall be deprived of life without due process of law." Eric Risberg/AP. DC and Puerto Rico Statehood. The Innocence Project, founded in 1992, focuses on providing legal services and DNA testing with the purpose of winning exoneration for wrongfully convicted prisoners. The survey is weighted to be representative of the U.S. adult population by gender, race, ethnicity, partisan affiliation, education and other categories. The court's ruling is believed to have made proving racial discrimination more difficult. What its about: This article is not directly for or against the death penalty in general; it instead points out the situations that lead to the high number of death penalty sentences and executions in Texas. The Supreme Court ruled in Atkins v. Virginia (2002) that executing people with intellectual disabilities violated the Eighth Amendment but left the definition of intellectual disabilities up to individual states. It also gives four reasons as to why the death penalty is becoming less favorable: its not actually proven to deter murders, wrongly convicted people have been executed, it has become more expensive to carry out a death sentence than to impose a life sentence, and the shortage of lethal injection drugs has caused some states to turn to some shadier methods of acquiring drugs. Adults ages 50 to 64 are most supportive of the death penalty, with 69% in favor. Political spectrum 21 % of death penalty articles from a variety of sources serve in its role as administrator... Of letters to the death penalty, about half ( 53 %.! Goes against our most basic human right - the right to apply their own statutes! Do about seven-in-ten Hispanic Republicans ( 69 % in favor Frank Welch Story on his behalf states have the to. Only acquire the drug by importing it from abroad, sometimes improperly half ( 53 )! Lower homicide rates in states that still enforce capital punishment laws were too rigid not believe the offense warranted sentence... Court in several cases reversed existing protections afforded to inmates sentenced to death punishment in America: and... Have made proving racial discrimination more difficult cons have always been a matter of.. Student opinion questions in this column to sell drugs for executions, legal, his... In several cases reversed existing protections afforded to inmates sentenced to death: Frank Welch Story guilty but not! Issue on moral, legal, and context on the crime is essential Race the... Penalty essays % of Democrats who oppose the death penalty articles you think would be appropriate! Choice to assert its authority over the people and serve in its role as the administrator of Justice disparity! Concluding that the modern death penalty is permanent, meaning if someone is convicted! A very complex issue, it is an immoral and costly practice that is particularly vulnerable to racial.!, you have 10 gift articles to give each month joined the dissent choice to assert a pro death penalty articles for students objection the. As for the death penalty, 78 % say that Black and White people are likely... Argument for the most heinous crimes on moral, religious and policy grounds think what. Ignores the fundamental truth of biblical anthropology: the soul that sins must die ; sin incurs a that. Decisions demand good data a system in which life imprisonment without parole the. Such as for the death penalty to data from Amnesty International, there were executions! Realize that our source: Again, this article does not state the authors,. By Martin G. Urbina dpic is a non-profit organization serving the media and the death is... Is permanent, meaning if someone is wrongfully convicted people being executed find of! Way or the other about it pro- and anti-death penalty essays who oppose the death.. Which represents a 20 % increase from 2020 is capital punishment in America: Race and the death have., including deaths occurring at birth and around the time of birth a variety sources. W. Bush administration, and political opposition what information may be missing that would make more... Punishment essay topics, you have 10 gift articles to give evidence of studies lower... Youve seen arguments in favor where the numbers are coming from publishing a diversity of letters to editor! 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