carolyn bertozzi biography

The Symbol Nomenclature for Glycans (SNFG) is a community-curated standard for the depiction of monosaccharides and complex glycans using various colored-coded, geometric shapes, along with defined text additions. Fluorescent probes designed for activation by bioorthogonal chemistry have enabled the visualization of biomolecules in living systems. However, current bioaerosol sampling approaches have reported low detection yields in sputum-positive TB cases. Here, we report the bottom-up synthesis of microtissues composed of multiple cell types with programmed connectivity. The membrane-associated acyltransferase Chp1 accepts a synthetic diacyl sulfolipid and transfers an acyl group regioselectively from one donor substrate molecule to a second acceptor molecule in two successive reactions to yield a tetraacylated product. FGE has emerged as an enabling biotechnology tool due to the robust utility of the aldehyde product as a bioconjugation handle in recombinant proteins. Moreover, concomitant use of PCL-2 and IETDC in vivo establishes a concurrent increase in both H(2)O(2) and caspase 8 activity during acute inflammation in living mice. Comparison of these data to images of wild-type SbpA layers on intact cells gave insight into the interactions responsible for bilayer formation. View details for DOI 10.1016/S0076-6879(06)15015-6, View details for Web of Science ID 000242168500015. Yang, A. C., Stevens, M. Y., Chen, M. B., Lee, D. P., Stahli, D., Gate, D., Contrepois, K., Chen, W., Iram, T., Zhang, L., Vest, R. T., Chaney, A., Lehallier, B., Olsson, N., du Bois, H., Hsieh, R., Cropper, H. C., Berdnik, D., Li, L., Wang, E. Y., Traber, G. M., Bertozzi, C. R., Luo, J., Snyder, M. P., Elias, J. E., Quake, S. R., James, M. L., Wyss-Coray, T. Membrane-tethered mucin-like polypeptides sterically inhibit binding and slow fusion kinetics of influenza A virus. Members of the selectin family of adhesion receptors, consisting of L-, P- and E-selectin, mediate the initial interaction between leukocytes and endothelium during leukocyte trafficking from the blood into tissue sites. Traditional spectrophotometric assays are not applicable to the NodST system since no shift in absorption accompanies sulfuryl group transfer. She described the reaction between the modified sugar and the fluorescent molecule as bioorthogonal. We determined the crystal structure of the apo Rv3406 sulfatase at 2.5 . Bhakta, S., Bartes, A., Bowman, K. G., Kao, W. M., Polsky, I., Lee, J. K., Cook, B. N., Bruehl, R. E., ROSEN, S. D., Bertozzi, C. R., Hemmerich, S. New directions in glycoprotein engineering, Minimal sulfated carbohydrates for recognition by L-selectin and the MECA-79 antibody. N-Propanoylmannosamine (ManProp), which differs from ManBut by a single methylene group, did not inhibit PSA biosynthesis. Subcellular Partitioning and Intramacrophage Selectivity of Antimicrobial Compounds against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We report that cell surface PSA expression can be reversibly inhibited by a small molecule, N-butanoylmannosamine (ManBut). Whereas the former enzyme has been shown to direct metabolic flux toward sialic acid in vivo, the function of the latter enzyme is unclear. Chen, X., Tam, U. C., Czlapinski, J. L., Lee, G. S., Rabuka, D., Zettl, A., Bertozzi, C. R. Probing mucin-type O-linked glycosylation in living animals. This phenomenon was first described in the early 1970s, but the molecular details underlying such transformations were poorly understood. Methods for targeting of small molecules to cellular proteins can allow imaging with fluorophores that are smaller, brighter, and more photostable than fluorescent proteins. These studies establish Cu-free click chemistry as a bioorthogonal reaction that can be executed in the physiologically relevant context of a mouse. A library of potential bisubstrate analogue inhibitors (1) targeting sulfotransferase enzymes was generated by the chemoselective ligation of the PAPS mimic 2 with a panel of 447 aldehydes. This type of enzyme catalyzes the initial step of mucin-type O-glycosylation, that is, the transfer of GalNAc in O-glycosidic linkage to serine and threonine residues in polypeptides. A detailed investigation of enzyme kinetics and specificities revealed the robustness of the approach to faithfully report on GalNAc-T activity and paves the way for studying substrate specificities in living systems. Griffin, J. E., Pandey, A. K., Gilmore, S. A., Mizrahi, V., McKinney, J. D., Bertozzi, C. R., Sassetti, C. M. Imaging the Sialome during Zebrafish Development with Copper-Free Click Chemistry. In the past decade advances in genomics, proteomics and mass spectrometry have enabled the association of specific glycan structures with disease states. View details for DOI 10.1016/j.ceb.2004.06.007, View details for Web of Science ID 000223130800003. Glycosylation is a prevalent, yet heterogeneous modification with a broad range of implications in molecular biology. A., Hangauer, M. J., Bertozzi, C. R. PapA1and PapA2 are acyltransferases essential for the biosynthesis of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence factor Sulfolipid-1. We combined CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screens with RNAsequencing analysis to discover age-related genetic modifiers of microglial phagocytosis. View details for DOI 10.1093/glycob/cwi064, View details for Web of Science ID 000230346400006. cis-Cyclopropanation of mycobacterial mycolic acids by pcaA drives the activation of host Vegf signaling within granuloma macrophages. Walton, E. M., Cronan, M. R., Cambier, C. J., Rossi, A., Marass, M., Foglia, M. D., Brewer, W., Poss, K. D., Stainier, D. R., Bertozzi, C. R., Tobin, D. M. A tension-mediated glycocalyx-integrin feedback loop promotes mesenchymal-like glioblastoma. Stanford chemist Carolyn Bertozzi was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry for her development of bioorthogonal reactions, which allow scientists to explore cells and track biological processes without disrupting the normal chemistry of the cell. This story was updated on Wednesday, Oct. 6, at 1:23 p.m. PDT. Professor Carolyn Bertozzi's research interests span the disciplines of chemistry and biology with an emphasis on studies of cell surface sugars important to human health and disease. The repertoire of sialic acids presented by cells can be expanded to include unnatural variants by intercepting the sialic acid biosynthetic pathway with unnatural precursors. How this multilayered cell envelope is assembled remains unclear. Using a green fluorescent protein-mucin fusion protein (SHGFP-MUC5AC/CK) as a FRAP (fluorescence recovery after photobleaching) probe, we have assessed in living mucous cells the relative importance of different protein post-translational modifications on the intragranular organization. Other sulfonucleotide reductases from structurally divergent subclasses appear to use the same mechanism, suggesting that this family of enzymes has evolved from a common ancestor. Bertozzi remains a part of the advisory board for the biologics sector of the company. To establish this approach, we have developed Peroxy Caged Luciferin-2 (PCL-2), a H(2)O(2)-responsive boronic acid probe that releases 6-hydroxy-2-cyanobenzothiazole (HCBT) upon reacting with this reactive oxygen species, as well as a peptide-based probe, z-Ile-Glu-ThrAsp-D-Cys (IETDC), which releases D-cysteine in the presence of active caspase 8. Here we applied the bioorthogonal chemical reporter technique for the molecular imaging of mucin-type O-glycans in live C. elegans. The mycobacterial cell wall component lipoarabinomannan (LAM) has been described as one of the key virulence factors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We developed a multiplex analysis platform based on antibody detection by agglutination-PCR (ADAP) for the sample-sparing measurement of GAD, IA-2 and insulin autoantibodies/antibodies in 1 muL serum. Inducible genetic inhibition of angiogenesis and Vegf signaling during granuloma formation results in bacterial growth deficits. We report here a strategy for the synthesis of N-linked glycopeptide analogues that replace the glycosidic linkages extending from the core pentasaccharide with thioethers amenable to construction by chemoselective ligation. Kobertz, W. R., Bertozzi, C. R., Bednarski, M. D. Leukocyte adhesion - Two selectins converge on sulphate, SULFATED DISACCHARIDE INHIBITORS OF L-SELECTIN - DERIVING STRUCTURAL LEADS FROM A PHYSIOLOGICAL SELECTIN LIGAND. Zhu, X., Shieh, P., Su, M., Bertozzi, C. R., Zhang, W. A Bioorthogonal Reaction of N-Oxide and Boron Reagents. View details for DOI 10.1073/pnas.0601167103, View details for Web of Science ID 000239069400007, View details for PubMedCentralID PMC1502431. A., Rajaiah, G., Falck, J. R., Bertozzi, C. R., Berthiaume, L. G. Identification of palmitoylated mitochondrial proteins using a bio-orthogonal azido-palmitate analogue. Pluvinage, J. V., Haney, M. S., Smith, B. H., Sun, J., Iram, T., Bonanno, L., Li, L., Lee, D. P., Morgens, D. W., Yang, A. C., Shuken, S. R., Gate, D., Scott, M., Khatri, P., Luo, J., Bertozzi, C. R., Bassik, M. C., Wyss-Coray, T. The mucin-selective protease StcE enables molecular and functional analysis of human cancer-associated mucins. Kramer, J. R., Onoa, B., Bustamante, C., Bertozzi, C. R. Systemic Fluorescence Imaging of Zebrafish Glycans with Bioorthogonal Chemistry. The rv3406 strain did not replicate in minimal media with 2-ethyl hexyl sulfate as the sole sulfur source, in contrast to wild type Mtb or the complemented strain. A., Qi, Y., Yasumoto, Y., Wei, J., Alfajaro, M. M., Shi, Q., Mumbach, M. R., Limaye, A., DeWeirdt, P. C., Schmitz, C. O., Parker, K. R., Woo, E., Chang, H. Y., Horvath, T. L., Carette, J. E., Bertozzi, C. R., Wilen, C. B., Satpathy, A. T. Author Correction: The clinical impact of glycobiology: targeting selectins, Siglecs and mammalian glycans. View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.04.009, View details for DOI 10.1021/acscentsci.6b00194, View details for PubMedCentralID PMC4965850, View details for DOI 10.1021/acscentsci.6b00167, View details for PubMedCentralID PMC4919776. The development of rapid screening methods for probing glycosyltransferase activities is essential for advancing the field of glycobiology. The spatial display of cellular ligands and receptors is important for cell adhesion and communication. Imaging analysis of glycan trafficking revealed dramatic reorganization of glycans on the second time scale, including rapid migration to the cleavage furrow of mitotic cells. Rigidity and core glycosylation are therefore insufficient to ensure molecular projection outward from a membrane surface. Our approach validates the use of the applied metabolic strategy to identify important functions of GalNAc-Ts in normal and pathological conditions. Jain, M., Petzold, C. J., Schelle, M. W., Leavell, M. D., Mougous, J. D., Bertozzi, C. R., Leary, J. Protein glycosylation is widely recognized as a modulator of protein structure, localization, and cell-cell recognition in multicellular systems. In the accompanying paper [Hemmerich, S., & Rosen, S.D. View details for Web of Science ID 000452746700035, View details for Web of Science ID 000452746700102, View details for Web of Science ID 000460646301455, View details for DOI 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00740, View details for PubMedCentralID PMC6202648, View details for Web of Science ID 000448053200001. Updates? Carolyn Bertozzi (Image credit: American Chemical Society) Kramer, J., Zhou, M., Delaveris, C., Bertozzi, C. Antibody-enzyme conjugates for targeted glycocalyx editing, Synthesis of solvatochromic probes to label the mycobacterial cell wall and their use in studies of host-pathogen interactions. The synthetic, full-length polypeptide proved to be active in growth inhibition assays with an IC(50) of approximately 250 nM, a concentration similar to that found in the insect hemolymph. Her recent efforts include synthesis of chemical tools to study cell surface sugars called glycans and how they affect diseases Both normal and cancerous prostate tissues were sliced and cultured in the presence of the azide-functionalized sialic acid biosynthetic precursor Ac4 ManNAz. Most progress has occurred in the area N-glycoproteomics. Azides installed within cell surface glycoconjugates by metabolism of a synthetic azidosugar were reacted with a biotinylated triarylphosphine to produce stable cell-surface adducts. In these experiments she applied click chemistry using an azide and an alkyne group to generate a ring-shaped molecule capable of binding to a modified sugar known as sialic acid on the glycan molecule. In this paper, we describe experiments in which the conformations of structurally well-defined polymers anchored to fluid lipid membranes were probed using Fluorescence Interference Contrast Microscopy (FLIC), an optical technique that provides topographic information with few-nanometer precision. Bule, P. n., Chuzel, L. n., Blagova, E. n., Wu, L. n., Gray, M. A., Henrissat, B. n., Rapp, E. n., Bertozzi, C. R., Taron, C. H., Davies, G. J. We developed a novel universal MHC class II presentation assay based on a bio-orthogonal "clickable" antigen and showed that MHC class II presentation was disrupted by the inhibition of PIKfyve, which in turn resulted in reduced activation of CD4+ Tcells. Chen, X., Kis, A., Zettl, A., Bertozzi, C. R. Hierarchical assembly of model cell surfaces: Synthesis of mucin mimetic polymers and their display on supported bilayers. Winans, K. A., King, D. S., Rao, V. R., Bertozzi, C. R. Engineering novel cell surface receptors for virus-mediated gene transfer. DNA origami protection and molecular interfacing through engineered sequence-defined peptoids. Palaniappan, K. K., Hangauer, M. J., Smith, T. J., Smart, B. P., Pitcher, A. Photoacoustic calorimetry combined with established absorption and fluorescence methodologies provides a complete arsenal for characterizing the photophysical properties of many systems. This review presents an overview of techniques for examining and manipulating cell surface oligosaccharides through genetic, enzymatic, and chemical strategies. View details for Web of Science ID 000316375500003, View details for PubMedCentralID PMC3601600. The development of chemical strategies for decorating cells with defined carbohydrate epitopes would greatly facilitate studies of carbohydrate-mediated cell surface interactions. In our approach, the glycosyltransferase is separated into two domains, one that determines localization and one responsible for catalysis. Dr. Bertozzi completed her undergraduate degree in Chemistry at Harvard University and her Ph.D. at We devised an experimental model that mimics the structure of mycobacterial envelopes in which an immobile hydrophobic layer supports a TDM-rich, two-dimensionally fluid leaflet. These receptors are promising targets for vaccine development and cancer immunotherapy. Together with previous studies, these findings suggest that this redox cofactor may play a role in mycobacterial pathogenesis. This system thus constitutes an AND-type molecular logic gate that reports on the simultaneous presence of H(2)O(2) and caspase 8 activity. We employed the recently introduced aldehyde tag method to obtain a recombinant protein with the aldehyde-bearing formylglycine residue at a specific site. Four derivatives were experimentally verified in model reactions, and one, a 4-azidonaphthylfluorescein analogue, was further shown to label alkyne-functionalized proteins in vitro and glycoproteins on cells with excellent selectivity. View details for Web of Science ID 000250260500015. Here we describe a biarylazacyclooctynone (BARAC) that has exceptional reaction kinetics and whose synthesis is designed to be both modular and scalable. The efficacy of antimicrobial drugs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, an intracellular bacterial pathogen, is generally first established by testing compounds against bacteria in axenic culture. We developed a polymer coating for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that mimics the mucin glycoprotein coating of mammalian cells. WebIn Bio Eats World's Journal Club episodes, we discuss groundbreaking research articles, why they matter, what new opportunities they present, and how to take these findings from paper to practice. A., Cox, J. S., Bertozzi, C. R. Introducing genetically encoded aldehydes into proteins. However, inside infected macrophages, bacteria encounter an environment which differs substantially from broth culture and are subject to important host-dependent pharmacokinetic phenomena which modulate drug activity. Here we highlight chemical tools that are beginning to address this need. Thus, subtle structural differences in PSA resulting from the incorporation of SiaProp residues do not alter the antiadhesive properties of polysialylated NCAM. Alternatively, selective inhibition or activation of glycosyltransferases or glycosidases can define the biological roles of the corresponding glycans. Previous structural analysis of the oligosaccharide chains on GlyCAM-1, an endothelial-derived ligand for L-selectin, revealed two novel structures: 6'-sulfo sialyl Lewis x and 6-sulfo sialyl Lewis x. Aldehyde product as a bioconjugation carolyn bertozzi biography in recombinant proteins LAM ) has been described as of... 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For vaccine development and cancer immunotherapy localization, and cell-cell recognition in multicellular systems ID 000223130800003 studies carolyn bertozzi biography...